Oku kulandelayo kuguqulelwe kwimvelaphi yesiTshayina ngokuguqulelwa koomatshini ngaphandle kokuhlela emva koko.
Ukuguqulela isiJapan kwisiTshayina yenye yeengxaki eziqhelekileyo kumsebenzi wokuguqulela, ingakumbi ngenxa yokwahluka kwesakhiwo solwimi, imvelaphi yenkcubeko, kunye negrama, ezenza inkqubo yokuguqulela ibe nzima kakhulu. Kwinguqulelo yesiJapan, kukho iingxaki ezininzi abaguquleli besiTshayina abadla ngokudibana nazo ngexesha lenkqubo yokuguqulela, ngakumbi ngokwahluka kwegrama, ukukhethwa kwesigama, imbeko, kunye nokubonakaliswa komlomo. Eli nqaku liza kuhlola ezi ngxaki zokuguqulela ngokweenkcukacha kwaye libonelele ngezisombululo ezifanelekileyo.
1, Umahluko kwigrama yesiJapan
Umahluko wegrama phakathi kwesiJapan nesiTshayina yenye yeengxaki eziqhelekileyo ekuguquleleni. Ulwakhiwo lwesivakalisi ngesiJapan ludla ngokuba ngokulandelelana kwento ethi “subject+object+predicate”, ngelixa kwisiTshayina luguquguquka ngakumbi, ngakumbi kulwimi oluthethwayo, apho indawo yesenzi sesichazi inokutshintsha ngokwemeko. Ukongeza, isiJapan sisebenzisa amasuntswana ukubonisa ubudlelwane begrama, ngelixa isiTshayina sisebenzisa ulandelelwano lwamagama kunye namagama okusebenza (afana no-“de”, “lai”, njl.njl.) ukubonisa ubudlelwane begrama. Isisombululo: Xa uguqulela, inyathelo lokuqala kukwahlulahlula izivakalisi zesiJapan, ukuqonda imisebenzi yegrama yenxalenye nganye, uze wenze uhlengahlengiso olufanelekileyo ngokwemigaqo yegrama yesiTshayina. Umzekelo, ngesiJapan, “が” okanye “は” zihlala zisetyenziswa njengeempawu zezihloko, kwaye xa uguqulela, isihloko sinokuqondwa ngokwemeko kwaye isakhiwo sezivakalisi sinokulungiswa. Ukongeza, izivakalisi eziqhelekileyo eziguquliweyo okanye izivakalisi ezinezihloko ezishiyiweyo ngesiJapan kufuneka zongezwe okanye zibhalwe ngokutsha ngokwemikhwa yesiTshayina.
2, Ubunzima ekukhetheni isigama
Amanye amagama esiJapani awanamagama ahambelana ngqo nesiTshayina, nto leyo eyenza ukukhetha amagama kube nzima kakhulu ekuguquleleni. Umzekelo, igama lesiJapani elithi “おরれ様” alinalo igama elifana ngokupheleleyo nesiTshayina. Nangona lingaguqulelwa ngokuthi 'umsebenzi onzima' okanye 'usebenze nzima', umxholo kunye nokubonakaliswa kwala magama mabini akuhambelananga ngokupheleleyo. Isisombululo: Xa udibana namagama angahambelani ngokuthe ngqo, abaguquleli kufuneka benze uhlengahlengiso olufanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kumxholo. Umzekelo, kumabinzana anjengelithi 'ukuphelelwa', iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuguqulela zinokukhethwa ngokusekelwe kumgaqo-nkqubo. Ukongeza, kwisigama esithile esineempawu zenkcubeko, uguqulelo oluchazayo lunokukhethwa, okanye izivakalisi ezongezelelweyo ezineenkcazo zingasetyenziswa ukwenza abafundi bolwimi ekujoliswe kulo baqonde.
3, Inguqulelo yolwimi oluhloniphekileyo noluthobekileyo
Intlonipho kunye nokuthobeka ziimpawu ezibalulekileyo zolwimi ngesiJapan, ngelixa kungekho mabinzana afanayo ngesiTshayina. Ke ngoko, indlela yokuguqulela amabinzana ahloniphekileyo nathobekileyo ngesiJapan ukuya kwisiTshayina yingxaki enkulu ekuguquleleni. NgesiJapan, amabinzana ahloniphekileyo awabonakali kuphela kutshintsho lwezenzi, kodwa nakwisigama esithile kunye nezakhiwo zezivakalisi ezifana no-“ございます” kunye no-“おっしいる”, ezifuna ingqalelo ekhethekileyo. Isisombululo: Xa uguqulela amabinzana ahloniphekileyo ngesiJapan, abaguquleli kufuneka baqwalasele imikhwa yokuthetha kunye nemvelaphi yenkcubeko yesiTshayina. Kwimicimbi esemthethweni, umntu unokukhetha ukusebenzisa amabinzana ahloniphekileyo anjengelithi “wena”, “gui”, njl.njl.; Kwiindawo ezisetyenziswa kakhulu, amabinzana ahloniphekileyo anokushiywa ngokufanelekileyo. Ukongeza, amanye amabinzana ahloniphekileyo ngesiJapan anokudluliselwa ngokutshintsha kwethoni, njengelithi “おっし동る” elinokuguqulelwa ngokuthi “thetha” kwaye lidlulisele intlonipho ngomxholo.
4, into yokungavumeleki ngesiJapan
KwisiJapani, ezinye izakhi zezivakalisi zihlala zingafakwanga, ingakumbi kulwimi oluthethwayo. Umzekelo, ngesiJapani, isihloko esithi “きまか?” sidla ngokungafakwanga, kwaye “きまか?” sinokuguqulelwa ngokuthi “hamba?”, kodwa inxalenye eshiyweyo idla ngokufuna ukucaciswa ngesiTshayina. Le nto yokushiywa ifuna abaguquleli baqikelele ukuba iindawo ezishiyweyo zisekelwe kumxholo. Isisombululo: Xa kuguqulelwa, kuyimfuneko ukongeza iindawo ezishiyweyo ngokusekelwe kumxholo kunye nomxholo. Umzekelo, ngesiJapani, isihloko esithi “きまか?” sishiywa kulwimi oluthethwayo, kodwa xa siguqulelwa kwisiTshayina, izihloko ezifana “nawe” okanye “thina” kufuneka zongezwe ngokwemeko ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwezivakalisi kunye nokucaca kwendlela ezichazwa ngayo.
5, Impembelelo yokwahluka kweenkcubeko kwinguqulelo
Imvelaphi yenkcubeko yaseJapan naseTshayina yahlukile, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuba amabinzana okanye imikhwa ethile ifane ngokuthe ngqo ekuguquleleni. Ingakumbi xa kufikwa kumasiko, amasiko, kunye nendlela yokuziphatha yoluntu, ukuguqulela kunokufuna utshintsho lwenkcubeko. Umzekelo, ngesiJapan, “いただきます” kunye “ごちそうさました” azinawo amabinzana alinganayo ngokupheleleyo ngesiTshayina, ngoko ke umahluko wenkcubeko kufuneka uqwalaselwe xa kuguqulelwa. Isisombululo: Kule meko, abaguquleli kufuneka babe nenqanaba elithile lolwazi lwenkcubeko eyahlukeneyo. Kwiintetho ezithile zenkcubeko, kungasetyenziswa ukuguqulela okuhlengahlengiswa kwenkcubeko, okanye kunikezelwe inguqulelo eyongezelelweyo echazayo ukunceda abafundi bolwimi ekujoliswe kulo baqonde. Umzekelo, “いただ〚す” inokuguqulelwa ngokuthi “Ndiqalile ukutya”, ngelixa “っちそうした” inokuguqulelwa ngokuthi “Enkosi ngobubele bakho” kunye neenkcazo okanye iinkcazo ezifanelekileyo.
6, Iinxalenye zeMood kunye nezihlomelo ngesiJapan
Kukho amagama amaninzi emood kunye nezihlomelo ngesiJapan ezisetyenziselwa ukuveza iimvakalelo zesithethi, isimo sengqondo, okanye ithoni. La maqhekeza e-modal kunye nezihlomelo adla ngokungabi namagama afanayo ngokuthe ngqo ngesiTshayina. Umzekelo, ngesiJapan, amaqhekeza anjenge-“ね”, “よ”, kunye ne-“かな” awanawo amaqhekeza afanayo ngesiTshayina. Isisombululo: Xa uguqulela, ungasebenzisa amagama ethoni ahambelanayo ngesiTshayina ngokweemfuno zomxholo. Umzekelo, i-“ね” inokuguqulelwa ngokuthi “ba” okanye “right”, kwaye i-“よ” inokuguqulelwa ngokuthi “oh” okanye “ah”. Ukukhetha amagama ethoni afanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kumxholo kunokugcina ithoni yombhalo wokuqala ngelixa wenza uguqulelo lube lolwendalo ngakumbi.
7, Ukuphathwa kwezivakalisi ezinde nezintsonkothileyo
Izakhiwo zezivakalisi ezinde nezimbaxa eziqhelekileyo ngesiJapan ngamanye amaxesha zibangela umngeni kubaguquleli kwindlela yokuhlulahlula izivakalisi. NgesiJapan, izivakalisi ezimbaxa zidibanisa izakhi zezivakalisi ezahlukeneyo ngamasuntswana kunye nezihlanganisi, ngelixa ngesiTshayina, izivakalisi ezinde zihlala zifuna ukulungisa izakhiwo zezivakalisi ukuze ziziveze ngokucacileyo. Isisombululo: Kwizivakalisi ezinde okanye ezimbaxa ezinzima zesiJapan, abaguquleli banokuzihlulahlula ngokwentsingiselo yazo kwaye bazenze zibe zizivakalisi ezimfutshane ezininzi ukuze zivumelane nemikhwa yokubonakalisa isiTshayina. Ukongeza, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ubudlelwane phakathi kwezakhi zezivakalisi ngasinye ukuze kuthintelwe iingxaki zengqiqo engacacanga okanye ukubonakaliswa okungachanekanga ekuguquleleni.
8, Isishwankathelo
Ukuguqulela isiJapan kwisiTshayina yinkqubo enzima ebandakanya ubunzima obahlukeneyo njengokwahluka kwegrama, ukukhethwa kwesigama, imbeko, kunye nokuthetha ngomlomo. Ngohlalutyo olunzulu lwezi ngxaki zokuguqulela, kunokufunyaniswa ukuba kukho izisombululo emva kobunzima ngabunye. Abaguquleli kufuneka babe nesiseko esiqinileyo solwimi, ukusetyenziswa okuguquguqukayo kwezakhono zolwimi, kunye nokuqonda iinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo ukuze bagqibezele ngcono umsebenzi wokuguqulela ukusuka kwisiJapan ukuya kwisiTshayina. Kwinkqubo yokuguqulela isiJapan, ukusombulula ezi ngxaki akunakuphucula kuphela ukuchaneka kunye nokuguquguquka kokuguqulela, kodwa kukwakhuthaza ukuqondana kunye nonxibelelwano phakathi kweelwimi ezimbini kunye neenkcubeko.
Ixesha leposi: Epreli-24-2025