Umxholo olandelayo uguqulelwe ukusuka kwimvelaphi yesiTshayina ngoguqulelo lomatshini ngaphandle kokuhlelwa.
Ukuguqulela isiJapan kwisiTshayina ngomnye wemiceli-mngeni eqhelekileyo kumsebenzi wokuguqulela, ingakumbi ngenxa yokwahluka kwesakhiwo solwimi, imvelaphi yenkcubeko, negrama, nto leyo eyenza inkqubo yokuguqulela ibe nzima. Kwinguqulelo yesiJapan, kukho ubunzima obuninzi abathi abaguquleli baseTshayina basoloko bedibana nabo ngexesha lenkqubo yokuguqulela, ngakumbi ngokwemigaqo yokwahluka kwegrama, ukukhetha isigama, ukuhlonitshwa, kunye nentetho yomlomo. Eli nqaku liza kuphonononga obu bunzima bokuguqulela ngokweenkcukacha kwaye linike izisombululo ezihambelanayo.
1、 Umahluko kwigrama yesiJapan
Umahluko wegrama phakathi kwesiJapan nesiTshayina yenye yeengxaki eziqhelekileyo ekuguquleleni. Ulwakhiwo lwesivakalisi ngesiJapan ludla ngolandelelwano lwe "subject+object+predicate", lo gama kwisiTshayina sibhetyebhetye ngakumbi, ngakumbi kulwimi oluthethwayo, apho indawo yesenzi sesivakalisi inokutshintsha ngokomxholo. Ukongezelela, isiJapan sisebenzisa amaqhekeza ukubonisa ubudlelwane begrama, ngelixa isiShayina sisebenzisa umyalelo wegama kunye namagama omsebenzi (njenge "de", "lai", njl.) ukubonisa ubudlelwane begrama. Isisombululo: Xa uguqulela, inyathelo lokuqala kukwahlulahlula izivakalisi zesiJapan, ukuqonda imisebenzi yegrama yenxalenye nganye, uze wenze uhlengahlengiso olusengqiqweni ngokwemigaqo yegrama yesiTshayina. Umzekelo, kwisiJapani, “が” okanye “は” zidla ngokusetyenziswa njengeziphawuli zesihloko, kwaye xa kuguqulelwa, umxholo unokuthatyathelwa kumxholo kwaye nokwakheka kwesivakalisi kunokuhlengahlengiswa. Ukongeza, izivakalisi eziqhelekileyo eziguqulweyo okanye izivakalisi ezinezihloko ezishiyiweyo kwisiJapan kufuneka zongezwe okanye zibhalwe ngokutsha ngokwemikhwa yaseTshayina.
2、 Ubunzima ekukhetheni isigama
Esinye isigama saseJapan asinawo amagama ahambelana ngokuthe ngqo kwisiTshayina, nto leyo eyenza ukukhetha isigama kube nzima kakhulu ekuguquleleni. Umzekelo, igama lesiJapan elithi "おরれ様" alinalo igama elilingana ngokupheleleyo kwisiTshayina. Nangona inokuguqulelwa ngokuthi' ukusebenza nzima 'okanye' usebenze nzima ', umxholo kunye nokubonakaliswa kwezi zinto zimbini azihambelani ngokupheleleyo. Isisombululo: Xa udibana nesigama esingahambelani ngokuthe ngqo, abaguquleli kufuneka benze uhlengahlengiso olufanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kumongo. Umzekelo, amabinzana afana nelithi' exhausted ', iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuguqulela zinokukhethwa ngokusekelwe kubusesikweni bomxholo. Ukongezelela, kwisigama esithile esineempawu zenkcubeko, kunokukhethwa inguqulelo ecacisayo, okanye izivakalisi ezongezelelweyo ezineengcaciso zinokusetyenziswa ukwenza abafundi bolwimi ekujoliswe kulo baqonde.
3. Ukuguqulelwa kolwimi oluhloniphekileyo noluthobekileyo
Intlonipho kunye nokuthozama ziimpawu zolwimi ezibalulekileyo kwisiJapan, ngelixa kungekho mabinzana afanayo kwisiTshayina. Ke ngoko, indlela yokuguqulela amabinzana anembeko nathobekileyo kwisiJapan ukuya kwisiTshayina yeyona nto inzima ekuguquleleni. NgesiJapani, izihlonipho azibonakali nje kuphela kutshintsho lwezenzi, kodwa nakwisigama esithile kunye nezakhiwo zezivakalisi ezifana ne “ございます” kunye ne “おっしいる”, ezifuna ingqalelo eyodwa. Isisombululo: Xa beguqulela amagama eehonofics kwisiJapan, abaguquleli kufuneka baqwalasele imikhwa yokuthetha kunye nemvelaphi yenkcubeko yesiTshayina. Ngezihlandlo ezisesikweni, umntu unokukhetha ukusebenzisa amagama ahloniphekileyo anjengokuthi "wena", "gui", njl. Kwiindawo ezinentetho eqhelekileyo, amabinzana embeko anokushiywa ngokufanelekileyo. Ukongeza, ezinye iihonofics kwisiJapan zinokugqithiswa ngotshintsho kwithoni, efana ne "おっし동る" enokuguqulelwa ngokuthi "yithi" kwaye idlulise intlonipho ngomxholo.
I-4, Isiganeko sokushiywa kwisiJapan
NgesiJapan, ezinye iinxalenye zesivakalisi ziye zishiywe, ngakumbi kulwimi oluthethwayo. Umzekelo, kwisiJapan, umxholo othi “きまか?” ihlala ishiywa, kwaye "きまか?" inokuguqulelwa ngokuthi “hamba?”, kodwa inxalenye eshiyiweyo isoloko ifuna ukucaciswa ngesiTshayina. Esi siganeko sishiyiweyo sifuna ukuba abaguquleli baqikelele iinxalenye ezishiyiweyo ngokusekelwe kumxholo. Isisombululo: Xa uguqulela, kuyimfuneko ukongeza iindawo ezishiyiweyo ngokusekelwe kumxholo kunye nomxholo. Umzekelo, kwisiJapan, umxholo othi “きまか?” ishiywe kulwimi oluthethwayo, kodwa xa iguqulelwa kwisiTshayina, imibandela efana nethi “wena” okanye “thina” ifanele yongezwe ngokwemeko ukuze kuqinisekwe ukuba isivakalisi sinyanisekile yaye sicacile ibinzana.
5, Impembelelo yoMahluko kwiNkcubeko kuGuqulelo
Imvelaphi yenkcubeko yesiJapan nesiTshayina yahlukile, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuba amabinzana okanye imikhwa ethile ilingane ngokuthe ngqo ekuguquleleni. Ngokukodwa xa kufikelelwa kumasiko, izithethe, nendlela yokuziphatha, ukuguqulela kusenokufuna uhlengahlengiso lwezithethe. Umzekelo, kwisiJapani, "いただきます" kunye ne "ごちそうさました" azinawo amabinzana alinganayo kwisiTshayina, ngoko ke iyantlukwano ngokwenkcubeko kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo xa uguqulela. Isisombululo: Kule meko, abaguquleli kufuneka babe nenqanaba elithile lolwazi oludibanisa inkcubeko. Kumagama athile enkcubeko, uguqulo olulungelelanisiweyo lwenkcubeko lunokusetyenziswa, okanye ingcaciso eyongezelelweyo inokubonelelwa ukunceda abafundi bolwimi ekujoliswe kulo baqonde. Umzekelo, “いただ〚す” ingatolika ngokuthi “Sendiqalile ukutya”, ngexa “っちそうした” ingatolika ngokuthi “Enkosi ngobubele bakho” enezichasiselo ezifanelekileyo okanye iingcaciso.
6. Amasuntswana emood kunye nezihlomelo ngesiJapan
Kukho amagama amaninzi kunye nezihlomelo zesiJapan ezisetyenziselwa ukuvakalisa iimvakalelo zesithethi, izimo zengqondo, okanye ithoni. La masuntswana e-modal kunye nezihlomelo zihlala zingenawo amabinzana alinganayo kwisiTshayina. Umzekelo, kwisiJapani, amasuntswana afana ne-“ね”, “よ”, kunye ne-“かな” azinawo kanye amasuntswana amaTshayina. Isisombululo: Xa uguqulela, ungasebenzisa amagama ethowuni ahambelanayo kwisiTshayina ngokweemfuno zomxholo. Umzekelo, "ね" inokuguqulelwa ngokuthi "ba" okanye "ilungile", kwaye "よ" inokuguqulelwa ngokuthi "oh" okanye "ah". Ukukhetha amagama ethoni afanelekileyo asekelwe kumongo kunokugcina ithoni yethoni yantlandlolo ngoxa kusenza inguqulelo ibe yemvelo ngakumbi.
7, Ukuphathwa Kwezivakalisi ezinde neziDibeneyo
Ulwakhiwo lwezivakalisi olude nezixandileyo oluqhelekileyo kwisiJapan ngamanye amaxesha lubeka umngeni kubaguquleli kwindlela yokwahlulahlula izivakalisi. NgesiJapan, izivakalisi ezixandileyo zidibanisa amacandelo ezivakalisi ahlukeneyo ngokusebenzisa amasuntswana kunye nezihlanganisi, ngelixa kwisiTshayina, izivakalisi ezide zihlala zifuna ukulungiswa kwezakhiwo zezivakalisi ukuze zivakalise ngokucacileyo. Isisombululo: Kwizivakalisi ezide okanye ezixandileyo zaseJapani ezintsonkothileyo, abaguquleli banokuzahlula ngokwentsingiselo yazo kwaye bazenze zibe lula zibe zizivakalisi ezininzi ezimfutshane ukuze zihambelane nemikhwa yokuthetha kwesiTshayina. Ukongeza, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe kubudlelwane phakathi kwamacandelo esivakalisi ngasinye ukuphepha iingxaki zengqiqo engacacanga okanye intetho engachanekanga ekuguquleleni.
8, Isishwankathelo
Ukuguqulela isiJapan kwisiTshayina yinkqubo ecela umngeni ebandakanya ubunzima obahlukeneyo obunjengomahluko wegrama, ukukhetha isigama, imbeko, kunye nentetho yomlomo. Ngohlalutyo olunzulu lobu bunzima bokuguqulela, kunokufunyanwa ukuba kukho izisombululo emva kobunzima obunye. Abaguquleli kufuneka babe nesiseko esiluqilima solwimi, ukusetyenziswa kobuchule bolwimi obubhetyebhetye, kunye novelwano kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo ukuze bagqibezele ngcono umsebenzi wokuguqulela ukusuka kwisiJapan ukuya kwisiTshayina. Kwinkqubo yoguqulo lwesiJapani, ukusombulula obu bunzima akunakuphucula nje ukuchaneka kunye nokutyibilika koguqulo, kodwa kukwakhuthaza ukuqondana kunye nonxibelelwano phakathi kweelwimi ezimbini kunye neenkcubeko.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-24-2025