Oku kulandelayo kuguqulelwe kwimvelaphi yesiTshayina ngokuguqulelwa koomatshini ngaphandle kokuhlela emva koko.
I-Association of American Language Companies (ALC) yintlangano yeshishini ese-United States. Amalungu equmrhu ikakhulu ngamashishini anikezela ngeenkonzo zoguqulelo, utoliko, indawo, kunye norhwebo lweelwimi. I-ALC ngokusisiseko ibamba iintlanganiso zonyaka minyaka le ukuze ithethele amalungelo eshishini, iqhube iingxoxo ezijikelezayo ngezihloko ezinje ngophuhliso lweshishini, ulawulo lweshishini, imakethi, kunye netekhnoloji, kwaye iququzelele abameli abavela kwiinkampani zoguqulelo zaseMelika ukuba bakhuthaze iCongress. Ukongeza ekumemeni abathethi beshishini, intlanganiso yonyaka iya kulungiselela abacebisi bolawulo lwenkampani abaziwayo okanye iingcali zoqeqesho lobunkokeli kunye nabanye abathethi beshishini abangengabo, kwaye ikhuphe ingxelo yonyaka yeshishini le-ALC.
Kweli nqaku, sibonisa umxholo weNgxelo yoShishino lwe-ALC ka-2023 (ekhutshwe ngoSeptemba ka-2023, apho isibini kwisithathu seenkampani eziphandweyo zingamalungu e-ALC kwaye ngaphezulu kwama-70% aneentloko eMelika), kunye namava obuqu eTalkingChina Translate kushishino, ukwenza uthelekiso olulula lwemeko yeshishini loguqulelo eTshayina nase-United States. Sikwanethemba lokusebenzisa amatye amanye amazwe ukuzenzela eyathu i-jade.
Ingxelo ye-ALC inika iinkcukacha-manani ezibalulekileyo zoshishino ezivela kwiinkalo ezili-14 ukuze sibhekisele kuzo kwaye sizithelekise nganye nganye:
1. Imodeli yeshishini
Ukufana phakathi kweTshayina neMelika:
1) Umxholo wenkonzo: Ama-60% eenkonzo eziphambili zontanga baseMelika agxile ekuguquleleni, ama-30% ekutolikeni, kwaye ama-10% aseleyo asasazeke phakathi kweemveliso ezahlukeneyo zenkonzo yokutolika; Ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha seenkampani zibonelela ngeenkonzo zokwazisa ngeendaba, kubandakanya ukuguqulela, ukudubha, imibhalo engezantsi, kunye nokudubha.
2) Umthengi: Nangona ngaphezulu kwesibini kwisithathu soontanga baseMelika bekhonza iifemu zomthetho, yi-15% kuphela yeenkampani ezisebenzisa zona njengomthombo wazo oyintloko wengeniso. Oku kubonisa ukuba iindleko zenkonzo yolwimi zeefemu zomthetho zisasazeke kakhulu, nto leyo ehambelana nohlobo lwexeshana lweemfuno zoguqulelo zomthetho kunye nokuvuthwa okuphantsi komndilili kokuthengwa koguqulelo kushishino. Ukongeza, ngaphezu kwesiqingatha soontanga bethu baseMelika banikezela ngeenkonzo zolwimi kumaziko okudala, okuthengisayo, kunye nedijithali. La maziko asebenza njengabalamli phakathi kweenkampani zenkonzo yolwimi kunye nabathengi bokugqibela abavela kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, indima kunye nemida yeenkonzo zolwimi iye yafiphala: amanye amaziko okudala abonelela ngeenkonzo zolwimi, ngelixa amanye esanda kwicandelo lokudala umxholo. Okwangoku, i-95% yoontanga baseMelika babonelela ngeenkonzo zolwimi kwezinye iinkampani zontanga, kwaye ukuthengwa ngaphakathi kweli shishini kuqhutywa bubudlelwane bentsebenziswano.
Ezi mpawu zingasentla ziyafana nemeko yaseTshayina. Umzekelo, kwimisebenzi yeshishini yakutshanje, iTalkingChina Translation idibene netyala apho umthengi omkhulu owayekhonze iminyaka emininzi, ngenxa yokuqwalaselwa kokuhambelana kokuveliswa komxholo kunye neendleko, waphinda wanikezela kwaye wabeka ukuthengwa kwayo yonke ifilimu, uyilo, ii-animation, uguqulelo, kunye nezinye iinkampani ezinxulumene nomxholo. Abathathi-nxaxheba ekuthengweni kwemveliso yayiziinkampani zentengiso ikakhulu, kwaye umntu ophumeleleyo waba ngumthengisi jikelele woyilo lomxholo. Umsebenzi wokuguqulela wenziwa nalo mthengisi jikelele, Okanye ugqibezele okanye uqeshwe ngumntu ongaphantsi. Ngale ndlela, njengomnikezeli weenkonzo zokuguqulela zokuqala, iTalkingChina inokuzama ukuqhubeka nokusebenzisana nalo mthengisi jikelele kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kwaye kunzima kakhulu ukuwela umgca ngokupheleleyo kwaye ube ngumthengisi jikelele woyilo lomxholo.
Ngokuphathelele intsebenziswano yontanga, umlinganiselo othile eTshayina awaziwa, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba uye waba ngumkhwa oxhaphakileyo kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ojolise ekuhlangabezaneni neemfuno zabathengi, ukuqinisa amandla kwiinkalo ezithe nkqo nakwezinye iilwimi, ukuseka iindlela zokubonelela eziguquguqukayo ngakumbi, okanye ukwandisa okanye ukugaya amandla emveliso, kunye neenzuzo ezongezelelweyo. Umbutho wokuzonwabisa wabucala nawo wenza izicwangciso kunye nemizamo ethile eluncedo kule nkalo.
Umahluko phakathi kweTshayina neMelika:
1) Ulwandiso lwamazwe ngamazwe: Uninzi lwabalingane bethu baseMelika bafumana ingeniso yabo ephambili kubathengi basekhaya, kodwa inkampani enye kwezintathu ineeofisi kumazwe amabini nangaphezulu, nangona kungekho budlelwane obuhle phakathi kwengeniso kunye nenani lamasebe aphesheya. Kubonakala ngathi ulwandiso lwamazwe ngamazwe phakathi kwabalingane baseMelika luphezulu kakhulu kunelethu, nto leyo enxulumene neenzuzo zabo kwindawo, ulwimi, kunye nokufana kwenkcubeko. Bangena kwiimarike ezintsha ngolwandiso lwamazwe ngamazwe, bafumana izixhobo zobuchwepheshe, okanye baseka amaziko emveliso angabizi kakhulu.
Xa kuthelekiswa noku, izinga lokwanda kwamazwe ngamazwe koontanga boguqulelo lwesiTshayina liphantsi kakhulu, kwaye zimbalwa iinkampani eziphumeleleyo kwihlabathi liphela. Kwiimeko ezimbalwa eziphumeleleyo, kunokubonwa ukuba ngabaphathi bamashishini ngokwabo ekufuneka baphume kuqala. Kungcono ukugxila kwiimarike zaphesheya kwezilwandle, ube namaqela okusebenza asekuhlaleni kwindawo yasekuhlaleni, kwaye udibanise ngokupheleleyo inkcubeko yenkampani, ingakumbi intengiso kunye nokuthengisa, kwimarike yasekuhlaleni ukuze wenze umsebenzi olungileyo wokwenza izinto zibe zezasekhaya. Kakade ke, iinkampani azihambi kwamanye amazwe ngenxa yokuba zihambe kwihlabathi liphela, kodwa kufuneka ziqale zicinge ngesizathu sokuba zifuna ukuhamba kwihlabathi liphela kwaye yintoni injongo yazo? Kutheni singaya elwandle? Yintoni eyona zakhono iphambili? Emva koko kuza umbuzo wokuba singaya njani elwandle.
Ngokufanayo, iinkampani zokuguqulela zasekhaya nazo zigcina imithetho yazo xa zithatha inxaxheba kwiingqungquthela zamazwe ngamazwe zontanga. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kweTalkingChina kwiingqungquthela zamazwe ngamazwe ezifana neGALA/ALC/LocWorld/ELIA sele kuxhaphakile, kwaye akafane abone ukubakho koontanga basekhaya. Indlela yokuphucula ilizwi lilonke kunye nempembelelo yoshishino lweenkonzo zolwimi lwaseTshayina kuluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe, kunye nokudibanisa ukufudumala, ibisoloko iyingxaki. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, sihlala sibona iinkampani zokuguqulela zaseArgentina zivela kude kwiingqungquthela zamazwe ngamazwe. Azibandakanyi nje kuphela kwingqungquthela kodwa zibonakala njengomfanekiso odibeneyo womboneleli wolwimi lwesiSpanish waseMzantsi Melika. Zidlala imidlalo yobudlelwane noluntu kwingqungquthela, zivuselela umoya, kwaye zenze uphawu oludibeneyo, olufanele ukufunda kulo.
2) Umthengi: Amaqela amathathu aphezulu abathengi ngokwengeniso eMelika yinkonzo yezempilo, urhulumente/icandelo likarhulumente, kunye namaziko emfundo, ngelixa eTshayina, yiteknoloji yolwazi nonxibelelwano, urhwebo lwe-e-commerce oluwela imida, kunye nemfundo noqeqesho (ngokutsho kweNgxelo yoPhuhliso ka-2023 yoShishino lweeNkonzo zoGuqulelo noLwimi lwaseTshayina ekhutshwe yi-China Translators Association).
Ababoneleli ngeenkonzo zempilo (kuquka izibhedlele, iinkampani zeinshorensi, kunye neekliniki) ngowona mthombo uphambili wengeniso kubantu abangaphezulu kwama-50% baseMelika, nto leyo eneempawu ezicacileyo zaseMelika. Kwihlabathi liphela, i-United States ineendleko eziphezulu zezempilo. Ngenxa yokuphunyezwa kwenkqubo edibeneyo yenkxaso-mali yabucala nekarhulumente e-United States, iindleko zeenkonzo zolwimi kwinkonzo yezempilo zivela kwizibhedlele zabucala, iinkampani zeinshorensi yezempilo, kunye neekliniki, kunye neenkqubo zikarhulumente. Iinkampani zeenkonzo zolwimi zidlala indima ephambili ekuncedeni ababoneleli ngeenkonzo zempilo ukuba bayile kwaye baphumeze izicwangciso zokusetyenziswa kolwimi. Ngokwemigaqo yomthetho, izicwangciso zokusetyenziswa kolwimi ziyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba izigulane ezinolwazi oluncinci lwesiNgesi (LEP) zinokufikelela ngokulinganayo kwiinkonzo zonyango ezikumgangatho ophezulu.
Iingenelo zemfuno yendalo yemarike engentla azinakuthelekiswa okanye zifaniswe ngaphakathi. Kodwa imakethi yaseTshayina nayo ineempawu zayo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, urhulumente ukhokele iBelt and Road Initiative kwaye igagasi lamashishini asekuhlaleni aseTshayina aya kwamanye amazwe liye labangela iimfuno ezingaphezulu zoguqulelo ukusuka kwisiTshayina okanye isiNgesi ukuya kwiilwimi ezincinci. Ewe, ukuba ufuna ukuthatha inxaxheba kuyo kwaye ube ngumdlali ofanelekileyo, ikwabeka iimfuno eziphezulu kumashishini ethu enkonzo yoguqulelo kwizixhobo kunye nobuchule bolawulo lweeprojekthi.
3) Umxholo wenkonzo: Phantse isiqingatha sabalingani bethu baseMelika banikezela ngeenkonzo zolwimi lwezandla; ama-20% eenkampani abonelela ngovavanyo lolwimi (olubandakanya uvavanyo lobuchule bolwimi); ama-15% eenkampani abonelela ngoqeqesho lolwimi (uninzi lwazo lufumaneka kwi-intanethi).
Akukho datha ihambelanayo efunyenweyo kwilizwe lethu malunga nomxholo ongentla, kodwa ngokwembono yemvakalelo, umlinganiselo eMelika kufuneka ube phezulu kunaseTshayina. Umntu ophumeleleyo kwibhidi yeeprojekthi zokubhida ulwimi lwezandla lwasekhaya udla ngokuba sisikolo esikhethekileyo okanye inkampani yetekhnoloji yenethiwekhi, kwaye ayifane ibe yinkampani yokuguqulela. Kukwakho neenkampani ezimbalwa zokuguqulela ezibeka phambili uvavanyo lolwimi kunye noqeqesho njengeendawo zazo eziphambili zoshishino.
2. Isicwangciso-qhinga senkampani
Uninzi lwabalingane baseMelika lubeka phambili "ukunyusa ingeniso" njengento ephambili ngo-2023, ngelixa isithathu seenkampani zikhetha ukunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza.
Ngokuphathelele isicwangciso senkonzo, ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha seenkampani ziye zandisa iinkonzo zazo kwiminyaka emithathu edlulileyo, kodwa zimbalwa iinkampani eziceba ukwandisa iinkonzo zazo kwiminyaka emithathu ezayo. Iinkonzo eziye zanda kakhulu yi-e-learning, iinkonzo ze-subtitle ezikwisiza, ukuhlelwa kweposi yoguqulelo lomatshini (PEMT), utoliko olukude ngaxeshanye (RSI), ukudubha, kunye notoliko olukude lwevidiyo (VRI). Ukwandiswa kwenkonzo kuqhutywa kakhulu yimfuno yabathengi. Kule meko, kufana nemeko yaseTshayina. Uninzi lweenkampani zeenkonzo zolwimi lwesiTshayina ziye zasabela kwimfuno yemarike ekhulayo kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kwaye ukukhula kunye nokunciphisa iindleko nazo zizinto ezingapheliyo.
Okwangoku, kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo, uninzi lwabahlobo basekhaya bebexoxa ngokuphuculwa kweenkonzo, nokuba kukwandisa ububanzi beenkonzo okanye ukwandisa ngokuthe nkqo. Umzekelo, iinkampani zokuguqulela ezigxile ekuguquleleni ipatent ziyandisa ukugxila kwazo kwezinye iindawo zeenkonzo zepatent; Ukwenza uguqulelo lweemoto kunye nokuqokelela ulwazi kwishishini leemoto; Ukuguqulela amaxwebhu okuthengisa ukunceda abathengi bapapashe kwaye bagcine iindaba zokuthengisa kwamanye amazwe; Ndikwabonelela ngeenkonzo zokuseta amanqanaba okuprinta kunye nokuprinta okulandelayo ukuze kuguqulelwe amaxwebhu aza kuprintwa; Abo basebenza njengabatoliki beenkomfa banoxanduva lokwenza imicimbi yeenkomfa okanye ukwakhiwa kwindawo; Ngelixa besenza uguqulelo lwewebhusayithi, benza i-SEO kunye ne-SEM, njalo njalo. Ewe, yonke inguqu ifuna ukuphononongwa kwaye ayilula, kwaye kuya kubakho imingcipheko kwinkqubo yokuzama. Nangona kunjalo, lo gama nje luhlengahlengiso olucwangcisiweyo olwenziwe emva kokuthatha izigqibo ezinengqiqo, kuyimfuneko kakhulu ukwenza unyamezelo kwinkqubo enzima. Kwiminyaka emithathu ukuya kwemihlanu edlulileyo, iTalkingChina Translation iye yabeka kancinci kancinci amasimi athe nkqo kunye neemveliso zokwandiswa kolwimi (ezifana namayeza, iipatent, imidlalo ye-intanethi kunye nezinye izinto zokuzonwabisa, isiNgesi kunye nehlabathi langaphandle, njl.njl.). Kwangaxeshanye, ikwaphucule ubuchule bayo kwiimveliso zokuguqulela zonxibelelwano lwemarike. Nangona isenza kakuhle kwiimpawu zeenkonzo zokuguqulela, ikwabhale ikopi eyongeziweyo enexabiso eliphezulu (ezifana namanqaku okuthengisa, izihloko zesikhokelo, ikopi yemveliso, iinkcukacha zemveliso, ikopi yomlomo, njl.njl.), ifumana iziphumo ezilungileyo.
Ngokuphathelele imeko yokhuphiswano, uninzi lwamaqabane aseMelika acinga iinkampani ezinkulu, zehlabathi, neelwimi ezininzi njengabakhuphisana nabo abaphambili, njengeLanguageLine, iLionbridge, iRWS, iTransPerfect, njl.njl.; ETshayina, ngenxa yomahluko kwisiseko sabathengi phakathi kweenkampani zamazwe ngamazwe kunye neenkampani zoguqulelo zasekuhlaleni, akukho khuphiswano luthe ngqo. Ukhuphiswano oluninzi lwabalingane luvela kukhuphiswano lwamaxabiso phakathi kweenkampani zoguqulelo, apho amaxabiso aphantsi kunye neenkampani ezinkulu zingabakhuphisana abaphambili, ingakumbi kwiiprojekthi zokubhida.
Bekusoloko kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kweTshayina neMelika ngokubhekiselele ekudibaneni nasekuthengeni. Imisebenzi yokudibanisa nokuthenga yamaqabane aseMelika ihlala izinzile, abathengi besoloko bekhangela amathuba kwaye abathengisi abanokubakho bafuna okanye belinde amathuba okuthengisa okanye ukugcina unxibelelwano nabathengisi bokudibanisa nokuthenga. ETshayina, ngenxa yemiba yolawulo lwezemali, ixabiso kunzima ukulibala ngokufanelekileyo; Kwangaxeshanye, ngenxa yokuba umphathi engumthengisi omkhulu, kunokubakho imingcipheko yokudlulisela izixhobo zabathengi ngaphambi nasemva kokudibanisa nokuthenga ukuba inkampani itshintsha izandla. Ukudibanisa nokuthenga akuqhelekanga.
3. Umxholo wenkonzo
Ukuguqulela koomatshini (MT) kuye kwamkelwa kakhulu ngoontanga eMelika. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-MT kwinkampani kudla ngokukhetha kwaye kucwangciswe ngendlela ethile, kwaye izinto ezahlukeneyo zinokuchaphazela iingozi kunye neenzuzo zayo. Phantse isibini kwisithathu soontanga baseMelika banikezela ngokuhlela emva kokuguqulela koomatshini (PEMT) njengenkonzo kubathengi babo, kodwa i-TEP ihlala iyeyona nkonzo yokuguqulela esetyenziswa kakhulu. Xa besenza ukhetho phakathi kweendlela ezintathu zokuvelisa ngesandla esicocekileyo, umatshini ococekileyo, kunye nokuguqulela nokuhlela koomatshini, imfuno yabathengi yeyona nto ibalulekileyo echaphazela ukwenziwa kwezigqibo, kwaye ukubaluleka kwayo kudlula ezinye izinto ezimbini eziphambili (uhlobo lomxholo kunye nokudityaniswa kolwimi).
Ngokuphathelele ukutolika, imakethi yaseMelika iye yatshintsha kakhulu. Malunga nekota ezintathu zababoneleli beenkonzo zokutolika baseMelika banikezela ngokutolika okukude ngevidiyo (VRI) kunye nokutolika ngefowuni (OPI), kwaye malunga nesibini kwisithathu seenkampani zibonelela ngokutolika ngaxeshanye okukude (RSI). Iindawo ezintathu eziphambili zababoneleli beenkonzo zokutolika kukutolika kwezempilo, ukutolika kweshishini, kunye nokutolika okusemthethweni. I-RSI ibonakala ihlala iyimarike ekhula kakhulu e-United States. Nangona iiplatifomu ze-RSI ikakhulu ziinkampani zobuchwepheshe, uninzi lwamaplatifomu ngoku lubonelela ngokulula kokufumana iinkonzo zokutolika ngokusebenzisa ukuqokelelwa kweenkcukacha kunye/okanye intsebenziswano neenkampani zeenkonzo zolwimi. Ukuhlanganiswa ngokuthe ngqo kwamaplatifomu e-RSI nezixhobo zeenkomfa ezikwi-intanethi ezifana ne-Zoom kunye namanye amaplatifomu abathengi nako kubeka ezi nkampani kwindawo efanelekileyo yokulawula iimfuno zokutolika zenkampani. Kakade ke, iplatifomu ye-RSI ikwabonwa ngabaninzi baseMelika njengokhuphiswano oluthe ngqo. Nangona i-RSI ineenzuzo ezininzi ngokubhekiselele kukuguquguquka kunye neendleko, ikwazisa nemingeni yokuphunyezwa, kubandakanya ukubambezeleka, umgangatho wesandi, imingeni yokhuseleko lwedatha, njalo njalo.
Oku kuqulathwe ngasentla kufana kwaye kwahlukile eTshayina, njenge-RSI. I-TalkingChina Translation yaseka intsebenziswano enobuchule nenkampani yeqonga ngaphambi kobhubhane. Ngexesha lobhubhane, eli qonga lalinomsebenzi omninzi lodwa, kodwa emva kobhubhane, iintlanganiso ezininzi zaqala kwakhona kusetyenziswa iifom ezingaxhunyiwe kwi-intanethi. Ke ngoko, ngokwembono ye-TalkingChina Translation njengomboneleli wokutolika, ivakalelwa kukuba imfuno yokutolika kwindawo inyukile kakhulu, kwaye i-RSI yehlile ukuya kwinqanaba elithile, Kodwa i-RSI ngokwenene sisongezelelo esiyimfuneko kakhulu kunye namandla afunekayo kubaboneleli beenkonzo zokutolika zasekhaya. Kwangaxeshanye, ukusetyenziswa kwe-OPI ekutolikeni ngefowuni sele kuphantsi kakhulu kwimarike yaseTshayina kunaseMelika, njengoko iimeko eziphambili zokusetyenziswa eMelika zezonyango nezomthetho, nto leyo engekhoyo eTshayina.
Ngokuphathelele ukuguqulelwa komatshini, ukuhlela emva kokuguqulelwa komatshini (i-PEMT) yimveliso yembambo yenkukhu kumxholo wenkonzo yeenkampani zokuguqulela zasekhaya. Abathengi abasoloko beyikhetha, kwaye into abayifunayo ngakumbi kukufumana umgangatho ofanayo kunye nesantya esikhawulezayo sokuguqulelwa kwabantu ngexabiso elikufutshane nokuguqulelwa komatshini. Ke ngoko, ukusetyenziswa kokuguqulelwa komatshini akubonakali ngakumbi kwinkqubo yokuvelisa iinkampani zokuguqulela, nokuba isetyenzisiwe okanye ayisetyenziswanga, Sidinga ukubonelela abathengi ngomgangatho ofanelekileyo kunye namaxabiso aphantsi (akhawulezayo, alungileyo, kwaye angabizi). Kakade ke, kukwakho nabathengi ababonelela ngokuthe ngqo ngeziphumo zokuguqulelwa komatshini kwaye bacele iinkampani zokuguqulela ukuba zihlole ngokusekwe koku. Imbono yeTalkingChina Translation kukuba umgangatho wokuguqulelwa komatshini obonelelwa ngumthengi awukude kakhulu kulindelo lomthengi, kwaye ukuphengululwa ngesandla kufuna ukungenelela okunzulu, ngokufuthi ngaphaya kobubanzi be-PEMT. Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso elinikezelwa ngumthengi liphantsi kakhulu kunelo lokuguqulelwa ngesandla.
4. Ukukhula kunye nenzuzo
Nangona kukho ukungaqiniseki kwezoqoqosho olukhulu kunye nezopolitiko zehlabathi, ukukhula koontanga baseMelika ngo-2022 kwahlala kuzinzile, apho ama-60% eenkampani efumana ukukhula kwengeniso kwaye ama-25% efumana amazinga okukhula adlula ama-25%. Olu kuqina lunxulumene nezinto ezininzi eziphambili: ingeniso yeenkampani zeenkonzo zolwimi ivela kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, nto leyo eyenza impembelelo iyonke yokuguquguquka kwemfuno kwinkampani ibe ncinci; Iitekhnoloji ezifana nelizwi ukuya kumbhalo, ukuguqulelwa koomatshini, kunye namaqonga okutolika akude kwenza kube lula kumashishini ukuphumeza izisombululo zolwimi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, kwaye iimeko zokusetyenziswa kweenkonzo zolwimi ziyaqhubeka nokwanda; Kwangaxeshanye, ishishini lezempilo kunye namasebe karhulumente eMelika ayaqhubeka nokwandisa iindleko ezinxulumene noko; Ukongeza, uluntu olunolwazi oluncinci lwesiNgesi (LEP) eMelika luhlala lusanda, kwaye ukunyanzeliswa komthetho wokuthintela ulwimi nako kuyanda.
Ngowama-2022, oontanga baseMelika ngokubanzi banenzuzo, kunye nomndilili wenzuzo iyonke phakathi kwama-29% nama-43%, apho uqeqesho lolwimi lunenzuzo ephezulu (43%). Nangona kunjalo, xa kuthelekiswa nonyaka ophelileyo, umndilili wenzuzo yeenkonzo zokuguqulela nokutolika wehle kancinci. Nangona uninzi lweenkampani lunyuse iikowuteshini zazo kubathengi, ukunyuka kweendleko zokusebenza (ingakumbi iindleko zabasebenzi) kusaqhubeka nokuba yinto ephambili echaphazela inzuzo yezi nkonzo zimbini.
ETshayina, ngokubanzi, ingeniso yeenkampani zoguqulelo nayo iyanda ngo-2022. Ngokwembono yenzuzo epheleleyo, kunokuthiwa iyafana neyeenkampani zaseMelika. Nangona kunjalo, umahluko kukuba ngokweekowuteshini, ingakumbi kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu, ikowuteshini iyehla. Ke ngoko, into ephambili echaphazela inzuzo asikokunyuka kweendleko zabasebenzi, kodwa kukuhla kwamaxabiso okubangelwa lukhuphiswano lwamaxabiso. Ke ngoko, kwimeko apho iindleko zabasebenzi zingenakuncitshiswa ngokufanayo, ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufana nobukrelekrele bokwenziwa ukunciphisa iindleko kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kuselukhetho olungenakuphepheka.
5. Amaxabiso
Kwimarike yase-US, izinga lamagama okuguqulela, ukuhlela, kunye nokuhlola (TEP) ngokubanzi linyuke nge-2% ukuya kwi-9%. Ingxelo ye-ALC igubungela amaxabiso okuguqulela isiNgesi kwiilwimi ezili-11: isiArabhu, isiPhuthukezi, isiTshayina esiLula, isiFrentshi, isiJamani, isiJapani, isiKorea, isiRashiya, iSpanish, isiTagalog, kunye nesiVietnam. Ixabiso eliphakathi kwinguqulelo yesiNgesi yi-0.23 yeedola zaseMelika ngegama ngalinye, kunye noluhlu lwamaxabiso phakathi kwexabiso eliphantsi le-0.10 kunye nexabiso eliphezulu le-0.31; Ixabiso eliphakathi kwinguqulelo yesiNgesi yesiTshayina elula yi-0.24, kunye noluhlu lwamaxabiso phakathi kwe-0.20 kunye ne-0.31.
Oontanga baseMelika ngokubanzi bathi “abathengi banethemba lokuba ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye nezixhobo ze-MT zinokunciphisa iindleko, kodwa abanakuyishiya imigangatho yomgangatho wokusebenza ngesandla nge-100%. Amanani e-PEMT ngokubanzi aphantsi ngama-20% ukuya kuma-35% kuneenkonzo zokuguqulela ngesandla ezicocekileyo. Nangona imodeli yamaxabiso egama negama isalawula ishishini lolwimi, ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwe-PEMT kuye kwaba yimpembelelo kwezinye iinkampani ukuba ziqalise ezinye iimodeli zamaxabiso.
Ngokuphathelele ukutolikwa, izinga lenkonzo ngo-2022 linyukile xa lithelekiswa nonyaka ophelileyo. Ukwanda okukhulu bekukutolikwa kwenkonzo kwinkomfa, apho amazinga eenkonzo ze-OPI, VRI, kunye ne-RSI onke enyuka nge-7% ukuya kwi-9%.
Xa kuthelekiswa noku, iinkampani zoguqulelo zasekhaya eTshayina azinalo ithamsanqa kangako. Phantsi koxinzelelo lwemeko-bume yezoqoqosho, ukothuka kwezobuchwepheshe okufana nobukrelekrele bokwenziwa, ulawulo lweendleko yiQela A, kunye nokhuphiswano lwamaxabiso kushishino, amaxabiso oguqulelo oluthethwayo nolubhaliweyo awanyukanga kodwa ehlile, ingakumbi kumaxabiso oguqulelo.
6. Itekhnoloji
1) Isixhobo se-TMS/CAT: I-MemoQ ikhokela, kunye nabantu baseMelika abangaphezu kwama-50% abasebenzisa eli qonga, kulandele i-RWSTrados. I-Boostlingo yeyona qonga lokutolika lisetyenziswa kakhulu, kunye neenkampani ezimalunga nama-30% ezithi ziyisebenzisa ukulungiselela, ukulawula, okanye ukubonelela ngeenkonzo zokutolika. Malunga nesinye kwisithathu seenkampani zokuvavanya ulwimi zisebenzisa i-Zoom ukubonelela ngeenkonzo zovavanyo. Ekukhetheni izixhobo zokutolika ngomatshini, i-Amazon AWS yeyona ikhethwa kakhulu, kulandele i-Alibaba kunye ne-DeepL, kuze kulandele i-Google.
Imeko eTshayina iyafana, ineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhetha izixhobo zokuguqulela oomatshini, kunye neemveliso ezivela kwiinkampani ezinkulu ezifana neBaidu kunye neYoudao, kunye neenjini zokuguqulela oomatshini ezibalaseleyo kwiinkalo ezithile. Phakathi koontanga basekhaya, ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kokuguqulela oomatshini ziinkampani zasekuhlaleni, uninzi lweenkampani lusaxhomekeke kwiindlela zemveli zokuguqulela. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iinkampani zokuguqulela ezinezakhono zobuchwepheshe ezinamandla okanye ezigxile kwicandelo elithile nazo ziqalise ukusebenzisa iteknoloji yokuguqulela oomatshini. Zihlala zisebenzisa iinjini zokuguqulela oomatshini ezithengwa okanye eziqeshiswayo kubantu besithathu kodwa ziqeqeshwe kusetyenziswa inkampani yazo.
2) Imodeli yoLwimi olukhulu (i-LLM): Inamandla amahle okuguqulela oomatshini, kodwa ikwanazo neengenelo kunye neengxaki zayo. E-United States, iinkampani zeenkonzo zolwimi zisadlala indima ephambili ekuboneleleni ngeenkonzo zolwimi kumashishini ngomlinganiselo omkhulu. Iimbopheleleko zazo ziquka ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabathengi ezintsonkothileyo ngokusebenzisa uluhlu lweenkonzo zolwimi eziqhutywa bubuchwepheshe, kunye nokwakha ibhulorho phakathi kweenkonzo ezinokunikezelwa bubuchule bokwenziwa kunye neenkonzo zolwimi ekufuneka iinkampani zabathengi zizisebenzise. Nangona kunjalo, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ukusetyenziswa kobuchule bokwenziwa kwimisebenzi yangaphakathi akuxhaphakanga kangako. Malunga nesibini kwisithathu sontanga baseMelika abazange basebenzise ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa ukuze bavumele okanye benze ngokuzenzekelayo naluphi na uhambo. Eyona ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu yokusebenzisa ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa njengento eqhuba umsebenzi kukudala amagama ancediswa yi-AI. Yi-10% kuphela yeenkampani ezisebenzisa ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa uhlalutyo lombhalo womthombo; Malunga ne-10% yeenkampani zisebenzisa ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa ukuvavanya ngokuzenzekelayo umgangatho wokuguqulela; Ngaphantsi kwe-5% yeenkampani zisebenzisa ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa ukucwangcisa okanye ukunceda abatoliki emsebenzini wabo. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi loontanga baseMelika bayiqonda ngakumbi i-LLM, kwaye isinye kwisithathu seenkampani zivavanya amatyala ovavanyo.
Kule meko, ekuqaleni, uninzi lwabalingane basekhaya babengenakukwazi ukudibanisa ngokupheleleyo iimveliso ezinkulu zemodeli yolwimi ezivela phesheya, njengeChatGPT, kwinkqubo yeprojekthi ngenxa yemida eyahlukeneyo. Ke ngoko, banokusebenzisa ezi mveliso njengezixhobo ezikrelekrele zemibuzo neempendulo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuhamba kwexesha, ezi mveliso azizange zisetyenziswe nje kuphela njengeenjini zokuguqulela oomatshini, kodwa zikwadityaniswe ngempumelelo neminye imisebenzi efana nokupholisha nokuvavanya ukuguqulela. Imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yezi LLM ingasetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngeenkonzo ezibanzi ngakumbi kwiiprojekthi. Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba, ziqhutywa ziimveliso zangaphandle, iimveliso zeLLM eziphuhliswe ngaphakathi nazo ziye zavela. Nangona kunjalo, ngokusekelwe kwingxelo yangoku, kusekho umsantsa omkhulu phakathi kweemveliso zeLLM zasekhaya nezangaphandle, kodwa sikholelwa ukuba kuya kubakho uphuhliso olungakumbi lwetekhnoloji kunye notshintsho kwixesha elizayo ukunciphisa lo msantsa.
3) I-MT, i-automated transcription, kunye ne-AI subtitles zezona nkonzo zixhaphakileyo ze-AI. Imeko eTshayina iyafana, kunye nophuhliso olukhulu kwitekhnoloji efana nokuqaphela intetho kunye ne-automated transcription kwiminyaka yakutshanje, nto leyo ekhokelele ekunciphiseni okukhulu kweendleko kunye nokuphuculwa kokusebenza kakuhle. Kakade ke, ngokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwezi teknoloji kunye nemfuno ekhulayo, abathengi bahlala befuna ukusebenza ngcono kweendleko ngaphakathi kohlahlo-lwabiwo mali olulinganiselweyo, kwaye ke ngoko ababoneleli ngetekhnoloji bazama ukuphuhlisa izisombululo ezingcono.
4) Ngokuphathelele ukuhlanganiswa kweenkonzo zokuguqulela, i-TMS inokudibanisa namaqonga ahlukeneyo afana ne-CMS yabathengi (inkqubo yolawulo lomxholo) kunye nelayibrari yefayile yelifu; Ngokuphathelele iinkonzo zokutolika, izixhobo zokutolika ezikude zinokudityaniswa namaqonga okunikezelwa kweenkonzo zempilo ezikude zabathengi kunye namaqonga eenkomfa ezikwi-intanethi. Ixabiso lokuseka nokusebenzisa ukuhlanganiswa linokuba phezulu, kodwa ukuhlanganiswa kunokufaka ngokuthe ngqo izisombululo zenkampani yenkonzo yolwimi kwinkqubo yetekhnoloji yabathengi, okwenza kube yinto ebalulekileyo ngokweqhinga. Ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sontanga baseMelika bakholelwa ukuba ukuhlanganiswa kubalulekile ekugcineni ukhuphiswano, malunga nama-60% eenkampani ezifumana ivolumu yokuguqulela engaphelelanga ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi ezenzekelayo. Ngokuphathelele isicwangciso setekhnoloji, uninzi lweenkampani zamkela indlela yokuthenga, kunye nama-35% eenkampani ezamkela indlela exubeneyo "yokuthenga nokwakha".
ETshayina, iinkampani ezinkulu zokuguqulela okanye zokwazisa abantu basekhaya zihlala ziphuhlisa amaqonga adibeneyo okusetyenziswa ngaphakathi, kwaye ezinye zinokuwathengisa. Ukongeza, abanye ababoneleli ngetekhnoloji beqela lesithathu nabo baqalise iimveliso zabo ezidibeneyo, bedibanisa i-CAT, i-MT, kunye ne-LLM. Ngokuhlaziya inkqubo kunye nokudibanisa ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye noguqulelo lwabantu, sijolise ekudaleni umsebenzi okrelekrele ngakumbi. Oku kukwabeka phambili iimfuno ezintsha zesakhiwo sobuchule kunye nolwalathiso loqeqesho lweetalente zolwimi. Kwixesha elizayo, ishishini lokuguqulela liya kubona iimeko ezingaphezulu zokudibanisa koomatshini babantu, nto leyo ebonisa imfuno yoshishino yophuhliso olukrelekrele nolusebenzayo. Abaguquleli kufuneka bafunde indlela yokusebenzisa izixhobo zobukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye nezixhobo zokwenza izinto ngokuzenzekelayo ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokuguqulela kunye nomgangatho.
I-TalkingChina Translation ikwazame ngamandla ukusebenzisa iqonga elidibeneyo kwinkqubo yayo yemveliso kule nkalo. Okwangoku, sisekwinqanaba lokuhlola, elibangela umngeni kubaphathi beeprojekthi kunye nabaguquleli ngokwemikhwa yokusebenza. Kufuneka bachithe amandla amaninzi beqhelana neendlela ezintsha zokusebenza. Kwangaxeshanye, ukusebenza kakuhle kokusetyenziswa kufuna ukujongwa ngakumbi kunye nokuhlolwa. Nangona kunjalo, sikholelwa ukuba olu phononongo oluhle luyimfuneko.
7. Uthotho lweZibonelelo kunye naBasebenzi
Phantse ama-80% oontanga baseMelika baxela ukuba bajongene nokunqongophala kwetalente. Abathengisi, abatoliki, kunye nabaphathi beeprojekthi baphakathi kwezikhundla eziphezulu kwizikhundla ezifunwa kakhulu kodwa ezinqongopheleyo. Imivuzo isazinzile, kodwa izikhundla zokuthengisa zinyuke ngama-20% xa kuthelekiswa nonyaka ophelileyo, ngelixa izikhundla zolawulo zinciphile nge-8%. Ukuqhelaniswa nenkonzo kunye nenkonzo yabathengi, kunye nobukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye nedatha enkulu, zithathwa njengezakhono ezibaluleke kakhulu kubasebenzi kwiminyaka emithathu ezayo. Umphathi weprojekthi sesona sikhundla siqeshwayo rhoqo, kwaye uninzi lweenkampani luqesha umphathi weprojekthi. Ngaphantsi kwama-20% eenkampani ziqesha abaphuhlisi bobuchwephesha/besoftware.
Imeko eTshayina iyafana. Ngokuphathelele abasebenzi abasebenza ixesha elizeleyo, kunzima kwishishini lokuguqulela ukugcina izakhono zokuthengisa ezibalaseleyo, ingakumbi abo baqonda imveliso, imakethi, kunye nenkonzo yabathengi. Nokuba sithatha inyathelo lokubuyela umva size sithi ishishini lenkampani yethu lixhomekeke kuphela ekukhonzeni abathengi abadala, abasisisombululo sexesha elinye. Ukuze sinikezele ngenkonzo elungileyo, kufuneka sikwazi ukumelana nokhuphiswano ngexabiso elifanelekileyo, Kwangaxeshanye, kukwakho neemfuno eziphezulu zesakhono sokufundisa ngenkonzo sabasebenzi benkonzo yabathengi (abanokuqonda ngokunzulu iimfuno zokuguqulela kwaye baphuhlise kwaye baphumeze izicwangciso zenkonzo yolwimi ezihambelanayo) kunye nokukwazi ukulawula iprojekthi kwabasebenzi bolawulo lweprojekthi (abanokuqonda izixhobo kunye neenkqubo, balawule iindleko kunye nomgangatho, kwaye basebenzise ubuchwepheshe obahlukeneyo ngokuguquguquka, kubandakanya izixhobo ezintsha zobukrelekrele bokwenziwa).
Ngokuphathelele uthungelwano lwezixhobo, ekusebenzeni okusebenzayo kweshishini lokuguqulela leTalkingChina, kuya kufunyaniswa ukuba bekukho iimfuno ezintsha eTshayina kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo, njengemfuneko yezixhobo zokuguqulela zasekhaya kumazwe angaphandle ukuze amashishini aseTshayina afikelele kwihlabathi liphela; Izixhobo kwiilwimi ezahlukeneyo ezincinci ezihambelana nokwandiswa kwenkampani phesheya; Iitalente ezikhethekileyo kwiinkalo ezithe nkqo (nokuba kumayeza, imidlalo, amalungelo omenzi, njl.njl., izixhobo zabaguquleli ezifanelekileyo zizimele, kwaye ngaphandle kwemvelaphi namava ahambelanayo, ngokusisiseko azikwazi ukungena); Kukho ukunqongophala ngokubanzi kwabatoliki, kodwa kufuneka babe nokuguquguquka ngakumbi ngokwexesha lenkonzo (njengokutshaja ngeyure okanye nangaphantsi, endaweni yexabiso lokuqala lesiqingatha sosuku). Ngoko ke isebe lezixhobo zabaguquleli leenkampani zokuguqulela liya lisiba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu, lisebenza njengeqela elisondeleyo lenkxaso kwisebe leshishini kwaye lifuna iqela lokuthenga izixhobo elihambelana nomthamo weshishini lenkampani. Ewe kona, ukuthengwa kwezixhobo akubandakanyi kuphela abaguquleli abazimeleyo, kodwa kunye neeyunithi zokusebenzisana nontanga, njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngaphambili.
8. Intengiso kunye nokuThengisa
IHubspot kunye neLinkedIn zezona zixhobo ziphambili zokuthengisa kunye nokuthengisa zabalingani babo baseMelika. Ngowama-2022, iinkampani ziya kwabela umyinge we-7% yengeniso yazo yonyaka kwintengiso.
Xa kuthelekiswa noku, akukho zixhobo zokuthengisa eziluncedo kakhulu eTshayina, kwaye iLinkedIn ayinakusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo eTshayina. Iindlela zokuthengisa zinokuba ziibhidi ezingaqhelekanga okanye abaphathi abazithengiselayo, kwaye zimbalwa amaqela amakhulu okuthengisa aqulunqiweyo. Umjikelo wokuguqulwa kwabathengi mde kakhulu, kwaye ukuqonda nokulawula amandla "okuthengisa" kusekwimeko elula, nto leyo ekwangunobangela wokusebenza kancinci kokuqesha iqela lokuthengisa.
Ngokuphathelele ukuthengisa, phantse wonke umntu osebenza naye usebenzisa iakhawunti yakhe kawonke-wonke yeWeChat, kwaye iTalkingChinayi nayo ineakhawunti yayo yevidiyo yeWeChat. Kwangaxeshanye, iBilibili, iXiaohongshu, iZhihu, njl. nazo zinokugcinwa okuthile, kwaye olu hlobo lokuthengisa lujolise kakhulu kuphawu; Amagama angundoqo e-SEM kunye ne-SEO yeBaidu okanye iGoogle adla ngokuguqulwa ngokuthe ngqo, kodwa kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iindleko zokuguqulwa kophando ziye zanda. Ukongeza ekubhideni okwandayo kweenjini zokukhangela, iindleko zabasebenzi bokuthengisa abagxile kwintengiso nazo ziye zanda. Ngaphezu koko, umgangatho wemibuzo eziswa yintengiso awulingani, kwaye awunakujoliswa ngokweqela elijoliswe kubathengi leshishini, elingasebenzi kakuhle. Ke ngoko, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uninzi lwabasebenzi basekhaya baye bayishiya intengiso yeenjini zokukhangela kwaye basebenzisa abasebenzi bokuthengisa ngakumbi ukwenza ukuthengisa okujoliswe kuko.
Xa kuthelekiswa nomzi-mveliso eMelika ochitha i-7% yengeniso yawo yonyaka ekuthengiseni, iinkampani zoguqulelo zasekhaya zityala imali encinci kweli candelo. Isizathu esiphambili sokutyala imali encinci kukungaqondi ukubaluleka kwayo okanye ukungazi ukuba ingenziwa njani ngokufanelekileyo. Akulula ukwenza ukuthengisa umxholo kwiinkonzo zoguqulelo ze-B2B, kwaye umngeni wokuphunyezwa kokuthengisa kukuba umxholo unokutsala abathengi.
9. Ezinye iinkalo
1) Imigangatho kunye neziqinisekiso
Ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha samaqabane aseMelika akholelwa ukuba isiqinisekiso se-ISO sinceda ukugcina ukhuphiswano, kodwa asibalulekanga. Umgangatho we-ISO odumileyo sisiqinisekiso se-ISO17100:2015, esidluliselwa yinkampani enye kwezintathu.
Imeko eTshayina kukuba uninzi lweeprojekthi zokubhida kunye nokuthengwa kwangaphakathi kwamanye amashishini kufuna i-ISO9001, ngoko ke njengophawu oluyimfuneko, uninzi lweenkampani zokuguqulela zisafuna isiqinisekiso. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye, i-ISO17100 yindawo ebonelelwayo, kwaye abathengi abaninzi bamanye amazwe banale mfuneko. Ke ngoko, iinkampani zokuguqulela ziya kugweba ukuba kuyimfuneko na ukwenza esi siqinisekiso ngokusekelwe kubathengi bazo. Kwangaxeshanye, kukwakho nentsebenziswano yobuchule phakathi kwe-China Translation Association kunye neFangyuan Logo Certification Group ukuqalisa isiqinisekiso se-A-level (A-5A) kwiinkonzo zokuguqulela eTshayina.
2) Izalathi zovavanyo lokusebenza eziphambili
Ama-50% oontanga baseMelika basebenzisa ingeniso njengesalathisi seshishini, kwaye ama-28% eenkampani zisebenzisa inzuzo njengesibonakaliso seshishini. Ezona zibonakaliso ezingezizo ezemali ezisetyenziswa kakhulu yimpendulo yabathengi, abathengi abadala, amaxabiso entengiselwano, inani lee-odolo/iiprojekthi, kunye nabathengi abatsha. Ingxelo yabathengi yeyona mpawu yovavanyo esetyenziswa kakhulu ekulinganiseni umgangatho wemveliso. Imeko eTshayina iyafana.
3) Imigaqo kunye nomthetho
Imigangatho yesikali ehlaziyiweyo evela kwi-Small Business Association of America (SBA) iza kuqala ukusebenza ngoJanuwari 2022. Umda weenkampani zokuguqulela nokutolika unyusiwe ukusuka kwi-$8 yezigidi ukuya kwi-$22.5 yezigidi. Amashishini amancinci e-SBA afanelekile ukufumana amathuba okuthenga agciniweyo kurhulumente wobumbano, ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zophuhliso lwamashishini, iinkqubo zokuqeqesha, kunye nethuba lokusebenzisana neengcali ezahlukeneyo. Imeko eTshayina yahlukile. Kukho ingcamango yamashishini amancinci nancinci eTshayina, kwaye inkxaso ibonakala ngakumbi kwizikhuthazo zerhafu.
4) Ubumfihlo bedatha kunye nokhuseleko lwenethiwekhi
Ngaphezulu kwama-80% oontanga baseMelika basebenzise imigaqo-nkqubo kunye neenkqubo njengeendlela zokuthintela izehlo ze-intanethi. Ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha seenkampani zisebenzise iindlela zokufumanisa iziganeko. Phantse isiqingatha seenkampani zenza uvavanyo lomngcipheko rhoqo kwaye zimisela iindima kunye noxanduva olunxulumene nokhuseleko lwe-intanethi ngaphakathi kwenkampani. Oku kungqongqo ngakumbi kuneenkampani ezininzi zokuguqulela zesiTshayina.
Ngokushwankathela, kwingxelo ye-ALC, sibone amagama abalulekileyo avela kwiinkampani zaseMelika ezingontanga:
1. Ukukhula
Ngowama-2023, ijongene nemeko-bume yezoqoqosho enzima, ishishini leenkonzo zolwimi eMelika lisaqhubeka linamandla, uninzi lweenkampani lufikelela ekukhuleni nasekuzinzeni kwengeniso. Nangona kunjalo, imeko-bume yangoku ibeka imingeni emikhulu kwinzuzo yeenkampani. "Ukukhula" kusaqhubeka nokuba yinto ephambili kwiinkampani zeenkonzo zolwimi ngowama-2023, ebonakaliswa ngokuqhubeka nokwandisa amaqela okuthengisa kunye nokwenza ngcono uthotho lwezixhobo zokubonelela ngeetoliki kunye nabaguquleli. Kwangaxeshanye, inqanaba lokudibana kunye nokuthengwa kweenkonzo kushishino lihlala lizinzile, ikakhulu ngenxa yethemba lokungena kwiinkalo ezintsha ezithe nkqo kunye neemarike zengingqi.
2. Ixabiso
Nangona inani labasebenzi likhula rhoqo, imakethi yezabasebenzi ikwazise nemingeni ethile ecacileyo; abameli bokuthengisa ababalaseleyo kunye nabaphathi beeprojekthi banqongophele. Okwangoku, uxinzelelo lokulawula iindleko lwenza ukuba ukuqesha abaguquleli abazimeleyo abanezakhono ngamaxabiso afanelekileyo kube nzima ngakumbi.
3. Ubuchwepheshe
Igagasi lotshintsho lwetekhnoloji lihlala liyitshintsha imeko-bume yeshishini leenkonzo zolwimi, kwaye amashishini ajongene nokukhetha ngakumbi kwetekhnoloji kunye nezigqibo ezicwangcisiweyo: indlela yokudibanisa ngempumelelo amandla okuvelisa izinto ezintsha zobukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye nolwazi lobuchwephesha lomntu ukubonelela ngeenkonzo ezahlukeneyo? Indlela yokudibanisa izixhobo ezintsha kumsebenzi wokusebenza? Ezinye iinkampani ezincinci zixhalabile malunga nokuba zinokuhambisana na notshintsho lwetekhnoloji. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwabaguquleli eMelika banesimo sengqondo esihle malunga netekhnoloji entsha kwaye bakholelwa ukuba eli shishini linokukwazi ukuziqhelanisa nemeko-bume entsha yetekhnoloji.
4. Ukuqhelaniswa nenkonzo
"Uqhelaniso lwenkonzo" olujolise kubathengi lumxholo ocetywayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngoogxa baseMelika abaguqulelayo. Ukukwazi ukulungisa izisombululo zolwimi kunye namaqhinga asekelwe kwiimfuno zabathengi kuthathwa njengesakhono esibaluleke kakhulu kubasebenzi kushishino lweenkonzo zolwimi.
La magama angundoqo angasentla ayasebenza naseTshayina. Iinkampani "ezinokukhula" kwingxelo ye-ALC azikho phakathi kwe-500000 kunye ne-1 yezigidi zeedola zaseMelika Njengeshishini elincinci elinengeniso, imbono yeTalkingChina Translation ikwayeyokuba ishishini lokuguqulela lasekhaya liye lathambekela ekungeneni kumashishini amakhulu okuguqulela kwiminyaka yakutshanje, nto leyo ebonisa impembelelo ebalulekileyo kaMatthew. Ukusuka kule mbono, ukonyusa ingeniso kuseyeyona nto iphambili. Ngokuphathelele iindleko, iinkampani zokuguqulela ngaphambili zithenge amaxabiso emveliso yokuguqulela awayesetyenziswa kakhulu ekuguquleleni ngesandla, ekuhlolweni, okanye kwi-PEMT. Nangona kunjalo, kwimodeli entsha yemfuno apho i-PEMT isetyenziswa ngakumbi ekuveliseni umgangatho wokuguqulela ngesandla, indlela yokulungisa inkqubo yemveliso, Kubalulekile ukuthenga iindleko ezintsha kubaguquleli abasebenzisanayo ukuze benze uvavanyo olunzulu ngokusekelwe kwi-MT kwaye ekugqibeleni bavelise umgangatho wokuguqulela ngesandla (owahlukileyo kwi-PEMT elula), ngelixa bebonelela ngezikhokelo zomsebenzi omtsha ohambelanayo.
Ngokuphathelele ubuchwepheshe, oontanga basekhaya nabo bayamkela ngenkuthalo ubuchwepheshe kwaye benza uhlengahlengiso oluyimfuneko kwiinkqubo zemveliso. Ngokuphathelele ulwalathiso lwenkonzo, nokuba iTalkingChina Translate inobudlelwane obuqinileyo nabathengi okanye ixhomekeke ekuziphuculeni okuqhubekayo, ulawulo lwebhrendi, ukuphuculwa kwenkonzo, kunye nolwalathiso lweemfuno zabathengi. Isalathisi sovavanyo lomgangatho "yimpendulo yabathengi", endaweni yokukholelwa ukuba "inkqubo epheleleyo yemveliso kunye nolawulo lomgangatho iphunyeziwe". Nanini na xa kukho ukudideka, ukuphuma, ukusondela kubathengi, kunye nokumamela amazwi abo yeyona nto iphambili kulawulo lwabathengi.
Nangona u-2022 yayingunyaka onzima kakhulu kubhubhane wasekhaya, uninzi lweenkampani zokuguqulela zasekhaya zisaphumelele ekukhuleni kwengeniso. U-2023 ngunyaka wokuqala emva kokubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo kobhubhane. Imeko-bume yezopolitiko nezoqoqosho enzima, kunye nempembelelo embaxa yetekhnoloji ye-AI, ibeka imingeni emikhulu ekukhuleni nasekuzuzeni kweenkampani zokuguqulela. Ungayisebenzisa njani itekhnoloji ukunciphisa iindleko kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle? Ungaphumelela njani kukhuphiswano lwamaxabiso oluya lukhula ngamandla? Ungagxila njani ngakumbi kubathengi kwaye uhlangabezane neemfuno zabo ezihlala zitshintsha, ngakumbi iimfuno zenkonzo yolwimi lwamazwe ngamazwe zamashishini asekuhlaleni aseTshayina kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngelixa inzuzo yabo incitshiswa? Iinkampani zokuguqulela zaseTshayina ziqwalasela kwaye ziqhelisela le micimbi ngenkuthalo. Ngaphandle komahluko kwiimeko zelizwe, sisenokufumana ezinye iireferensi eziluncedo ezivela koogxa bethu baseMelika kwiNgxelo yoShishino lwe-ALC ka-2023.
Eli nqaku linikezelwe nguNksz. Su Yang (uMphathi Jikelele weShanghai TalkingChina Translation Consulting Co., Ltd.)
Ixesha lokuthumela: Feb-01-2024