Lo mxholo ulandelayo uguqulelwa kumthombo wamaTshayina ngoguqulelo lwamatshini ngaphandle kokuhlelwa kweposi.
Eli nqaku lijolise ekuhlolweni olunzulu ngokubaluleka kunye nemfuno ye-Russian ngaxeshanye, eziza kusekwa iibhulorho zonxibelelwano kwaye zifezekise incoko yabathethi. Okokuqala, eli nqaku lazisa inkcazo kunye nomsebenzi we-Russian ngaxeshanye, kwaye emva koko uhlaziye izicelo zayo kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo. Emva koko, eli nqaku licacisa ngeenkcukacha kwiimbotyi zonxibelelwano zokwakha, kubandakanya ubuchule bobuchwephesha boongqamati, ubuchule obubanzi bolwimi nenkcubeko, izakhono zonxibelelwano, kunye nobukrelekrele beemvakalelo. Emva koko, eli nqaku lishwankathele ukusekwa kweebhulorho zonxibelelwano kunye nencoko engenamthungo kwi-Russian ngaxeshanye.
1. Ingcaciso kunye nomsebenzi we-Russian ngaxeshanye
Inguqulelo engapheliyo yaseRussia ngaxeshanye ibhekisa ngendlela efanelekileyo yokuguqulela umxholo wolwimi lolwimi (isiRashiya) kulwimi ekujoliswe kulo kwixesha lokutolika. Idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiiNkomfa zaMazwe ngaMazwe, iingxoxo zeshishini, ukutshintshiselana kwitekhnoloji, kunye namanye amasimi. Ukutolikwa ngaxeshanye kuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka nokusebenza kakuhle kwencoko yabakho phakathi kwababekho, ukuvumela incoko yababini engenamthungo phakathi komabini amaqela kunye nokwakha ibhulorho yonxibelelwano lolwimi olunqamlezileyo.
Indima yenguqulo yanga ngaxeshanye iguqulelane ngaxeshanye ayikokufezekisile ukutshintshiselana ngolwimi kuphela, kodwa nokukhuthaza unxibelelwano kunye nentsebenziswano phakathi kwamazwe ahlukeneyo nakwimimandla, kunye nokuphucula ezoqoqosho, inkcubeko kunye nophuhliso lwezobugcisa. Ke ngoko, kwimeko yehlabathi, ukuguqulelwa kwangaxeshanye kolwimi lwaseRussia kubaluleke kakhulu kwaye lubango.
2. Ubuchule bobuchule ekwakheni iibhulorho zonxibelelwano
Ubuchule obufanelekileyo be-Russian ngaxeshanye sisiseko sezilonda zonxibelelwano zokwakha kunye nokufezekisa incoko yencoko engenamthungo. Okokuqala, abaguquleli kufuneka babe nesiseko esiqinileyo solwimi kunye nolwazi olubanzi lokuqonda ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokuchaza iitekisi zolwimi, kunye nokuguqula kulwimi ekujolise kulo.
Okwesibini, abaguquleli kufuneka bafumane i-Etiquette elungileyo ye-Etiquette, gcina ukungathathi cala kunye nenjongo, kwaye uguqulele ngokungakhethi. Kwangelo xesha, kuya kufuneka babe nezakhono ezilungileyo zeqela kunye nezakhono zokuphendula ngokukhawuleza ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wokuguqulela.
Emva koko, abaguquleli kufuneka bafumane ngokuqhubekekayo kwaye baphucule ulwazi lwabo lobuchule kunye nezakhono, qhubeka ngesantya samaxesha, kwaye uziqhelanise neemfuno zezihlandlo ezithile.
3. Ukukwazi kweMisebenzi yeLwimi kunye neNkcubeko
Inkalo ebalulekileyo ye-Russian ngaxeshanye isekhundleni epheleleyo yolwimi nenkcubeko. Abaguquleli kufuneka babe nolwazi olubanzi lweenkcubeko kunye nokuqonda umahluko kwinkcubeko ukuchaza ngokuchanekileyo iintsingiselo kunye neengcinga kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo.
Ukongeza, i-Russian ene-Russian ngaxeshanye kufuneka iqonde amasiko entlalontle, imikhwa ye-Etiquette, kunye neendlela zokuqhuba kwamazwe aseRussia ukuba ziphephe iingxabano zenkcubeko kunye nokungaqondani ngexesha lenkqubo yokuguqulela.
Isikhono esibanzi sezicelo asiquka ukuguqulelwa kwenqanaba lolwimi, kodwa nokukwazi ukuqonda isicatshulwa solwimi kwimeko, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwexesha elifanelekileyo kwisigama esifanelekileyo kunye nesakhiwo segrama ukwenza uguqulelo kufutshane nentsingiselo yentsingiselo kunye nendalo kwaye igudileyo.
4. Izakhono zonxibelelwano kunye nobukrelekrele beemvakalelo
Iibhulorho zonxibelelwano zokwakha kunye nokufezekisa incoko yababini ifuna ukuba abaguquleli babe nezakhono ezilungileyo zonxibelelwano kunye nobukrelekrele beemvakalelo. Izakhono zonxibelelwano zibandakanya izakhono zokumamela, amandla okubonisa ngomlomo, kunye nokukwazi ukugcina ukusebenzisana kakuhle kunye nabaphulaphuli ukuqinisekisa unxibelelwano oluchanekileyo lolwazi oluchanekileyo lolwazi oluguqulweyo.
Ubukrelekrele beemvakalelo bubhekisa kubuchule babaguquleli ukuba baqonde kwaye bafumane isimo sengqondo seemvakalelo zesithethi semithombo yolwimi, kwaye bahambisa abaphulaphuli abaphulaphuli. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ekutolikeni kwangaxeshanye njengoko kunokudlulisela ithoni, iimvakalelo, kunye nolwazi olufihlakeleyo lolwimi lomthombo, evumela omabini amaqela ukuba aqonde kwaye anxibelelane.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezakhono zonxibelelwano kunye nobukrelekrele beemvakalelo kunokuphucula umgangatho wokuguqulela, ukwenza incoko phakathi kwamaqela omabini abuthathaka ngakumbi kwaye kuhambelana.
Ngengxoxo kweli nqaku, siyabona ukuba ukubaluleka kwe-Russian ngaxeshanye kwi-Bridges yonxibelelwano kunye nokufezekisa incoko yencoko engenamthungo ayinakutyeshelwa. Abaguquleli kufuneka babe nobuchule bobuchule, ulwimi olubanzi kunye nobuchule benkcubeko, izakhono zonxibelelwano, kunye nobukrelekrele beemvakalelo ukuqinisekisa ukuba umgangatho wokuguqulela. Kuphela ngokuqhubekayo ngokuqhubeka nokufunda kunye nokuphucula ubuchule babo ukuba abaguquleli badibana ngcono kwiimfuno zamasimi awahlukeneyo kwaye wakhe ibhulorho elizinzileyo nefanelekileyo yokutshintshiselana ngelinye ilizwe kunye nentsebenziswano.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: UJUL-19-2024