Umxholo olandelayo uguqulelwe ukusuka kwimvelaphi yesiTshayina ngoguqulelo lomatshini ngaphandle kokuhlelwa.
Ungayikhetha njani inkampani yesiNgesi efanelekileyo yokuguqulela ipatent ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye nokusebenza ngokusemthethweni kwamaxwebhu elungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza
Ngokuqhubekeka kokukhula koshishino, ngakumbi nangakumbi amashishini anika ingqwalasela kwisicelo kunye nokhuseleko lwamalungelo awodwa abenzi bamazwe ngamazwe. Kule nkqubo, uguqulo lwelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza ludlala indima ebalulekileyo. Ukuguqulelwa kwamaxwebhu elungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza akufuneki kuphela unxibelelwano oluchanekileyo lwesiqulatho sobugcisa, kodwa kwakhona kufuneka kuhambelane neemfuno zomthetho zamazwe ahlukeneyo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokusemthethweni kwamalungelo awodwa abenzi. Ke ngoko, ukukhetha inkampani efanelekileyo yokuguqulela ipatent yesiNgesi kubaluleke kakhulu. Eli nqaku liza kuphonononga ngokweenkcukacha indlela yokukhetha inkampani ethembekileyo yokuguqulela i-patent yesiNgesi ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye nokusebenza ngokusemthethweni kwamaxwebhu elungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza.
1.Ubunjani bokuguqulelwa kwelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza
Uguqulo lwelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza kwahlukile kuguqulelo oluqhelekileyo loxwebhu lweshishini. Ayibandakanyi kuphela isigama sobuchwephesha kwinkalo yobugcisa, kodwa ikwafuna ukuqonda okunzulu kwezibonelelo zomthetho, ukunyaniseka kwamalungelo elungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza, kunye nobubanzi bokhuseleko lwelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza. Iimpazamo kuguqulelo lwelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza zinokubeka isoyikiso kumalungelo elungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza kwaye zibenze bangasebenzi. Ngoko ke, xa ukhetha inkampani yokuguqulela, ingqwalasela eyodwa kufuneka ihlawulwe kubuchwephesha bayo kwinkalo yoguqulo lwelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza. Ubume boguqulo lwelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza lubonakaliswa ikakhulu kule miba ilandelayo:
Ubuchwephesha: Iinkalo zobugcisa ezibandakanyeka kumaxwebhu elungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza zikholisa ukuntsonkotha kakhulu, kwaye abaguquleli kufuneka babe nolwazi oluhambelanayo lobuchwephesha ukuze baqonde kwaye bachaze ngokuchanekileyo amagama obugcisa.
Okusemthethweni: Amaxwebhu elungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza anempembelelo yomthetho, kwaye xa kuguqulelwa, ukubaluleka kwezomthetho kwelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza kufuneka kudluliswe ngokuchanekileyo ukuthintela iimpazamo zoguqulo ezinokukhokelela kwiimpikiswano zomthetho.
Ubume kunye nolwakhiwo: Amaxwebhu elungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza aneemfuno ezingqongqo zefomathi, kwaye uguqulo kufuneka luhambelane nemigaqo yefomathi ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kunye nokugqibelela.
2.Imiba engundoqo xa ukhetha inkampani yokuguqulela ipatent yesiNgesi
Ukukhetha inkampani efanelekileyo yokuguqulela ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza ayingomsebenzi olula. Oku kulandelayo zizinto ezininzi eziphambili ezifuna ingqwalasela eyodwa ngexesha lenkqubo yokhetho:
(1) Ubungcali beenkampani zokuguqulela
Uguqulo lwelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza ngumsebenzi okhethekileyo, ke ngoko, ukuba inkampani yoguqulo inamava kunye nezakhono zobuchwephesha kuguqulo lwelungelo lomenzi yeyona nto iqwalaselwayo xa ukhetha. Inkampani efanelekileyo yokuguqulela kufuneka ibe namava exesha elide ekuguquleleni i-patent kwaye ikwazi ukugubungela iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa, ezifana ne-electronics, ubunjineli beekhemikhali, i-biology, oomatshini, njalo njalo. Ngale ndlela, inkampani inokubonelela ngeenkonzo zokuguqulela ngokweemfuno zabathengi. Ukongeza, iinkampani zoguqulo kufuneka zibe neqela labaguquleli abaziingcali, kuquka abaguquleli abaneemvelaphi zobugcisa kunye neengcali eziqhelene nemithetho yelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza. Banokuqinisekisa ukuqonda okuchanekileyo kunye noguqulelo lwesiqulatho selungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza ngexesha lenkqubo yokuguqulela, ngaloo ndlela beqinisekisa umgangatho woguqulo.
(2) Iimfaneleko nemvelaphi yabaguquleli
Iinkampani zokuguqulela ipatent zidla ngokuqesha abaguquleli abaneemvelaphi ezifanelekileyo zobugcisa. Iziqinisekiso kunye nemvelaphi yabaguquleli ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuchaneka kwelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza. Xa ukhetha, kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukuba inkampani yoguqulo inokubonelela abasebenzi ngemvelaphi yemfundo efanelekileyo kunye namava okuguqulela. Umzekelo, ukuba ufuna ukuguqulela amalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza kwinkalo yobuchwepheshe bombane, umguquleli kufuneka abenedigri kubunjineli be-elektroniki okanye ii-majors ezinxulumeneyo kunye namava atyebileyo kuguqulo lwelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza. Kwangaxeshanye, abaguquli kufuneka babe nokuqonda isigama somthetho welungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza, njengoko ukusebenza ngokwasemthethweni kwamalungelo awodwa abenzi kufuna ukuchazwa kolwimi. Kuphela ngabaguquleli abaneemvelaphi ezimbini kubuchwepheshe kunye nomthetho abanokuqinisekisa ukuba amaxwebhu elungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza awaphulukani nenyaniso esemthethweni yombhalo wokuqala ngexesha lenkqubo yokuguqulela.
(3) Inkqubo yokulawula umgangatho wokuguqulela
Ukuchaneka koguqulo lwelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza ngumba ophambili, ngoko ke, kubalulekile kwiinkampani zoguqulo zibenenkqubo yolawulo olusebenzayo. Iinkampani zokuguqulela zidla ngokumisela iinkqubo ezingqongqo zokuhlola iimpazamo ukuze ziqinisekise ukuchaneka nokungaguquguquki komxholo oguqulelweyo. Ngokubanzi, iinkampani zokuguqulela ziya kulungiselela abaphononongi abachwephesha ukuba bahlole iziphumo zoguqulo kwaye baqinisekise ukuba inxalenye nganye yoxwebhu lwelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza iyahambelana nomxholo wobugcisa kunye neemfuno zomthetho zombhalo wokuqala. Ukongeza, ezinye iinkampani ezichwephesha zokuguqulela zikwasebenzisa izixhobo zokuguqulela ezincedwa yikhompyutha (izixhobo zeCAT) ukuqinisekisa ukungaguquguquki kunye nokusebenza kakuhle ekuguquleleni. Izixhobo ze-CAT zinokunceda abaguquleli bagcine ukungqinelana kwisigama kwiinguqulelo ezininzi kwaye baphephe iimpazamo zoguqulo.
(4) Udumo kunye negama lomlomo wenkampani yoguqulelo
Udumo kunye negama-ngomlomo weenkampani zoguqulo nazo ziyizinto ezibalulekileyo ezingenako ukuhoywa kwinkqubo yokhetho. Ngokuqonda uphononongo lwabanye abathengi, kunokunceda ukuvavanya amandla obuchule benkampani kunye nomgangatho wenkonzo. Inkampani enegama elihle idla ngokuba namava oguqulo atyebileyo kunye neziphumo zoguqulo ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ezinokuthi zinike abathengi ngeenkonzo zoguqulo olukwizinga eliphezulu lepatent. Unokufunda malunga nentsebenzo yenkampani kwicandelo loguqulelo lwelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza ngokubonisana nezifundo zemizekelo okanye iileta zabathengi kwiwebhusayithi yenkampani yoguqulelo. Ukongeza, unokubonisana noontanga bakho okanye iingcali kwishishini ukuze ufumane izimvo ezingakumbi zereferensi.
(5) Iindleko kunye nexesha lokuhambisa
Xa ukhetha inkampani yokuguqulela, iindleko kunye nexesha lokuhambisa nazo zizinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Nangona ixabiso lingafanelanga ukuba libe ngumgangatho ophambili wokhetho, ibhalansi phakathi kweendleko ezifanelekileyo kunye nenkonzo ekumgangatho ophezulu ibalulekile. Amaxabiso aphantsi asenokuthetha ukuba uguqulo olukumgangatho ophantsi, ngelixa iindleko eziphezulu zinokudlula uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali. Ngokwexesha lonikezelo, uguqulo lwelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza luhlala lubandakanya iimfuno zexesha elingqongqo, ngoko ke, ukukhetha inkampani yoguqulo enokunikezela ngexesha kubalulekile. Inkampani yoguqulelo iya kuphuhlisa ishedyuli yonikezelo efanelekileyo esekwe kubuntsonkotha kunye nokungxamiseka kweprojekthi, kwaye igqibezele umsebenzi woguqulo ngexesha ekuvunyelwene ngalo.
3.UKhuseleko olusemthethweni loGuqulelo lwePatent
Eyona njongo iphambili yokuguqulelwa kwelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza kukuqinisekisa ukuba semthethweni kwamaxwebhu elungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza. Ukuba uguqulo aluchanekanga, lunokukhokelela ekungasebenzini ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza kunye neempikiswano zomthetho. Ngoko ke, xa ukhetha inkampani yokuguqulela, kuyafuneka ukuba uqinisekise ukuba inkampani inokuqinisekisa ukuba iziphumo zoguqulo ziyahambelana neemfuno ezisemthethweni.
(1) Ukuguqulelwa ngokuchanekileyo kwamagama asemthethweni
Ukusetyenziswa kwamagama asemthethweni kuncwadi lwelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza kwahluka kulwimi oluqhelekileyo, kwaye kuyafuneka ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuguqulelwa kwegama ngalinye elisemthethweni kuchanekile. Umzekelo, intsingiselo yamagama afana nelithi “ibango” kwilungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza yahlukile kwintsingiselo yalo kulwimi oluqhelekileyo, kwaye iimpazamo zoguqulo zingakhokelela kutshintsho kububanzi bokhuselo lwelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza, ngaloo ndlela kuchaphazele ukusebenza ngokusemthethweni kwelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza. Ukuthintela imingcipheko enjalo, iinkampani zoguqulo kufuneka zibe nabaguquleli abasemthethweni abazingcaphephe kwisigama phantsi kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zomthetho kwaye bagqithise ngokuchanekileyo iimfuno ezisemthethweni zamalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza. Abaguquleli abanjalo banokuqinisekisa ukuba ukusebenza ngokusemthethweni kwelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza akuphazamiseki.
(2) Uphononongo lomthetho emva kokuguqulelwa
Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokusemthethweni kwelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza, iinkampani zoguqulo zihlala zibonelela ngeenkonzo zokuphononongwa kwezomthetho. Ngokuba neqela lezomthetho eliqeqeshiweyo liphonononga amaxwebhu aguqulelweyo, sinokubona ngokukhawuleza nayiphi na imiba kwaye sithintele iimpazamo zoguqulo ekubeni zichaphazele kakubi ukhuseleko lwelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza. Ezinye iinkampani zoguqulo zikwasebenzisana namagqwetha elungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza ukuqinisekisa ukuba umxholo oguquliweyo uyahambelana neemfuno zomthetho welungelo elilodwa lomenzi welizwe ekujoliswe kulo. Le ntsebenziswano inokuqinisekisa ngakumbi umgangatho woguqulo kwaye yandise ukhuseleko lomthetho ngexesha lenkqubo yesicelo selungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza.
Ukukhetha inkampani yesiNgesi efanelekileyo yokuguqulela ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuchaneka nokunyaniseka ngokwasemthethweni kwamaxwebhu elungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza. Kwinkqubo yokhetho, ingqwalasela eyodwa kufuneka ihlawulwe kwizinto ezifana nobuchwephesha benkampani yokuguqulela, imvelaphi yabaguquleli, inkqubo yokulawula umgangatho wokuguqulela, isidima senkampani, kunye neendleko kunye nexesha lokuhambisa. Ukongeza, isiqinisekiso sokusebenza ngokusemthethweni sikwangumba obalulekileyo ongenakuhoywa xa ukhetha inkampani yokuguqulela. Ngokukhetha ngononophelo, umgangatho wokuguqulela wamaxwebhu elungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza unokuqinisekiswa kakhulu, unikezela ngenkxaso yomthetho eqinileyo kuphuhliso lwamazwe ngamazwe lwamashishini.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-09-2025